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Freyre had little knowledge of or interest in the recent European immigrants who were flooding into the South for him the Portuguese were not white at all, their mestiço heritage shaped by centuries of Arab presence among them.

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Whatever individuals' disposition toward the black population and the poor, the climate of public debate in Brazil at the time started from the assumption that the black skin and African descent of a large portion of the population was in some sense a problem Freyre on the contrary told them it was a solution. Lilia Schwarz elaborates by reminding us in the same collection that the Estado Novo itself fell under the influence of Freyre, implementing official projects in which mestiçagem (racial mixture) was recognized as 'a verdadeira nacionalidade,' Brazil's true nationality (314), although on this one might also find contrary evidence, notably the notorious case of the sculpture 'O homem brasileiro,' by Celso Antonio. In 2001, Antonio Candido recalled a friend from the left-wing branch of a prominent political family going to the mirror on reading it and musing, 'Acho que sou mulato!' (Lund and McNee, 10). He invented his own genre-a propensity for ex cathedra pronouncements and self-glorification, combined with an intellectual curiosity at once undisciplined and creative.Īt first, as the essays in the volume edited by Lund and McNee often remind us, Freyre's book had the effect of an earthquake, though admittedly in a very small intellectual elite. Already at that age, Freyre, though himself from an urban professional, rather than landholding, family, deployed his trademark patrician assuredness.

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Casa-grande probably drew on all the then-published historical writing on Brazil in Portuguese, English, and French, as well as on comparative medical and anatomical studies, travel literature, ethnographies of different parts of Africa, and published colonial reports, plus a sprinkling of quasi-ethnographic personal reminiscence. The mere length of the book, as Thomas Skidmore has noted, put off established publishers. This precocious book dealt with a vast range of themes and a variety of sources, and its largely non-Brazilian intellectual precursors were beyond the physical and even intellectual range of Freyre's contemporaries, few of whom had traveled to the United States or even to Europe, as Freyre had done in the early and late 1920s.

Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Casa-grande e senzala was published when Freyre, born in 1900, was only thirty-three years old.

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